Many causes of HAGMA exist. Two useful mnemonics to consider are:
| ‘GOLDMARK’ |
‘MUDPILES’ |
| Glycols (propylene glycol, ethylene glycol) |
Methanol |
| Oxoproline (chronic paracetamol use) |
Uraemia |
| L-lactate |
Diabetic ketoacidosis |
| D-lactate (short bowel syndrome) |
Paraldehyde |
| Methanol |
Iron, isoniazid |
| Aspirin |
Lactic acid |
| Renal failure |
Ethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol |
| Ketoacidosis |
Salicylates |
